Amakuru

Mu rwego rw'ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo gucukura, imashini zicukura umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi zikundwa cyane kubera ubushobozi bwazo bwo kunoza neza ireme ry'imashini zicukura. Muri zo, gushyiraho ahantu hadakoreshejwe umwuka ni intambwe y'ingenzi mu gukora, ikubiyemo imiterere ihambaye n'ibikorwa by'ubufatanye mu ikoranabuhanga.

Intambwe ya mbere mu gushyiraho ahantu ho gufunga hakoreshejwe imashini ikoresha ingufu z'umwuka ni ukubaka uburyo bwo gufunga. Umwobo wose w'ibikoresho byo gufunga, harimo n'icyuma gishongeshejwe, umwobo w'ibumba aho ibumba riri, n'imiyoboro ihuza, bigomba kwemeza ko bifunga neza. Ibikoresho byo gufunga byiza cyane, nk'impeta zihariye zo gufunga za kabutura, bikunze gukoreshwa kandi bigashyirwa ku mpande z'ibice bitandukanye bihuza n'ibindi bice bigenda kugira ngo hirindwe ko umwuka winjira mu gihe cyo gusohora ibumba. Urugero, aho umuryango w'itanura uhurira n'umwobo, umuyoboro wo gufunga wakozwe neza uhujwe n'impeta yo gufunga ifite ingano n'ibikoresho bikwiye bishobora gukora ihuriro ryizewe ryo gufunga nyuma yo gufunga umuryango w'itanura, bigashyiraho urufatiro rw'ibikorwa byo gukuramo ibumba nyuma.

imashini zikoresha umwuka ushyushye zikoresha icyuma gishyushya

Hanyuma, sisitemu yo gupompa umwuka ikora uruhare runini. Sisitemu yo gupompa umwuka igizwe ahanini na pompe y'umwuka, imiyoboro ijyanye nayo, na valve. Pompe y'umwuka ni isoko y'amashanyarazi yo gukora umwuka, kandi isanzwe irimo pompe z'umwuka zizunguruka, pompe z'umwuka za Roots, n'izindi. Nyuma yo gutangira pompe y'umwuka, ihuzwa n'icyumba cy'imashini ikoresha umuyoboro ikoresheje umuyoboro igatangira gukura umwuka mu cyumba. Mu cyiciro cya mbere cyo gukuramo umwuka, umwuka uri mu cyumba uba mwinshi, kandi pompe y'umwuka ikuramo umwuka mwinshi ku gipimo cyo gukuramo umwuka. Uko umwuka uri mu cyumba ugenda urushaho kuba muto, imikorere ya pompe y'umwuka izahinduka hakurikijwe ibisabwa kugira ngo ikomeze umuvuduko uhamye wo gupompa n'igipimo cya nyuma cy'umwuka. Urugero, pompe y'umwuka izunguruka ikoresha ibyuma bizunguruka imbere kugira ngo ikurure kandi ikandagire umwuka uva mu cyambu cy'injira, hanyuma iwusohore mu cyambu cy'imyotsi, ikomeza kuzenguruka no kugabanya umuvuduko w'umwuka uri mu cyumba.

Gupima no kugenzura urugero rw'ingufu zikoreshwa mu gusohora amazi ni ingenzi cyane mu gikorwa cyo gusohora amazi. Imashini ikoresha icyuma gipima neza ingufu zikoreshwa mu gusohora amazi ifite ubushobozi bwo gupima neza ingufu zikoreshwa mu gusohora amazi mu cyumba mu gihe nyacyo, igatanga amakuru kuri sisitemu yo kugenzura. Sisitemu yo kugenzura igenzura neza imikorere ya pompe ikoresha icyuma gipima amazi ishingiye ku gaciro k'ingufu zikoreshwa mu gusohora amazi. Urugero, niba urugero rw'ingufu zikoreshwa mu gusohora amazi rutaragera ku rugero rwagenwe, sisitemu yo kugenzura izongera imbaraga za pompe ikoresha icyuma gipima amazi cyangwa yongere igihe cyo kuyikoresha; Iyo urwego rw'ingufu zikoreshwa mu gusohora amazi rumaze kugerwaho, pompe ikoresha icyuma gipima amazi izaba mu rwego rwo kuyitunganya kugira ngo ikomeze guhagarara neza. Muri rusange, urugero rw'ingufu zikoreshwa mu gusohora amazi imashini ikoresha icyuma gipima amazi ishobora kugeraho rushobora kuba ruri hasi cyane kugeza kuri pascals icumi cyangwa rukagabanuka. Ubwo buryo bwo gusohora amazi menshi bushobora gukuraho neza imyanda ya gaze mu mwobo w'ibumba, kugabanya uruhare rwa gaze mu mazi y'icyuma mu gihe cyo kuyisuka, no kunoza cyane ubwiza bw'ingufu zikoreshwa mu gusohora amazi, birinda ko habaho inenge nko gupfuka no gucika intege.

Byongeye kandi, kugira ngo irusheho kunoza ibidukikije byo mu bwoko bwa vacuum no kwemeza ko ari ingirakamaro, imashini ikoresha umuvuduko wa vacuum ifite kandi ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe by’inyongera hamwe n’uburyo bwo kurinda umutekano. Urugero, ibyuma bishyirwa ku muyoboro w’imyotsi kugira ngo birinde ivumbi, imyanda, nibindi kwinjira muri pompe y’imyotsi bikagira ingaruka ku mikorere yayo n’igihe ikora; Muri icyo gihe, ifite igikoresho cyo kumenya imyotsi iva mu bwoko bwa vacuum, gishobora guhita kimenya niba hari imyotsi mito mu gice gifunga no gutanga inzogera kugira ngo isanwe ku gihe. Nanone, uturindantoki two kugenzura ubusanzwe dushyirwa ku nzira n’aho isohoka ya pompe z’imyotsi iva mu bwoko bwa vacuum kugira ngo hirindwe ko umwuka usubira inyuma kandi birebe ko sisitemu y’imyotsi iva mu bwoko bwa vacuum ikora neza.

Itsindaimashini ikoresha umwuka ushyushye wo mu bwoko bwa vacuumYashoboye gushyiraho ahantu hasukuye hujuje ibisabwa mu buryo bwo gusuka binyuze mu buryo bwuzuye bwo gufunga, uburyo bukomeye bwo gupompa ibyuma bivamo umwuka, gupima no kugenzura neza ibyuma bivamo umwuka, ndetse n'uruhererekane rw'ibikoresho by'inyongera n'uburyo bwo kurinda umutekano. Iyi hantu hasukuye umwuka itanga imiterere myiza cyane yo gusuka no gukora ibyuma bishongeshejwe mu mwobo w'ibumba, bigatuma habaho iterambere rikomeye mu bucucike, imiterere ya mekanike, n'ubwiza bw'ubuso bw'ibicuruzwa bivamo umwuka. Iteza imbere cyane inganda zisuka ibyuma bivamo umwuka bigamije ubwiza n'ubuziranenge, kandi igira uruhare runini mu nzego nyinshi nko mu by'indege, inganda zikora imodoka, n'imitako.