Amakuru

Mu rwego rwo gushonga ibyuma, hari ubwoko bwinshi bw'amatanura ashongesha, kandiitanura rishongesha rigendera ku murongoIragaragara cyane mu matanura menshi ashongesha kuko ifite imiterere yihariye n'ibyiza bikomeye. Iyi nkuru izasuzuma itandukaniro riri hagati y'amatanura ashongesha n'andi matanura ashongesha, ndetse n'inyungu azana.

1、Itandukaniro riri hagati y'itanura rishongesha ritembera n'andi matanura ashongesha

1.Igishushanyo mbonera cy'inyubako

Ikintu cy'ingenzi kiranga itanura rishongesha rihengamye ni imiterere y'umubiri waryo uhengamye. Bitandukanye n'amatanura asanzwe ashongesha itanura, amatanura ahengamye ashobora guhindura inguni y'umubiri w'itanura bitewe n'ibyo rikeneye gukorwa. Iyi miterere idasanzwe ituma ibikorwa byo kugaburira, gusohora, no gukangura mu gihe cyo gushonga byoroha kandi bikanogeye. Ariko, andi matanura ashongesha, nk'amatanura ahengamye, amatanura y'amashanyarazi, n'ibindi, akenshi agira umubiri uhengamye kandi akeneye ibikoresho by'inyongera n'uburyo bugoye bwo kuyagaburira no kuyasohora.

2.Uburyo bwo gukora

Imikorere yaitanura rishongesha rigendera ku murongoirushaho koroha kandi itandukanye. Mu gihe cyo gushongesha, ibisabwa bitandukanye mu mikorere bishobora kugerwaho binyuze mu kugenzura inguni y’umubiri w’itanura. Urugero, iyo wongeyeho ibikoresho, umubiri w’itanura ushobora kugorama ku nguni runaka kugira ngo ibikoresho bishobore kwinjira neza mu itanura; Iyo usohora umuriro, kugorama umubiri w’itanura bishobora gutuma icyuma gishongeshejwe gisohoka vuba kandi bikagabanya igihe cyo gusohora. Mu buryo bunyuranye, imikorere y’andi matanura ashongesha irasanzwe, akenshi isaba ibikoresho n’inzira runaka kugira ngo urangize imirimo yo kugaburira no gusohora umuriro.

3.Ingano y'ikoreshwa

Ifuru ishongesha ifite imiterere itandukanye n'izindi furu zishongesha mu buryo bworoshye. Bitewe n'imiterere yayo ihindagurika kandi ikora neza, ifuru ishongesha ifite imiterere ikwiriye gushongesha ibyuma bitandukanye, cyane cyane ku bintu bimwe na bimwe bishongesha kandi bigoye gushongesha ibyuma n'ibindi bikoresho. Ifuru ishongesha ifite imiterere ihindagurika ishobora kuzuza neza ibisabwa mu gushongesha. Izindi furu zishongesha zishobora kugira akarusho mu gushongesha ibyuma bimwe na bimwe, ariko ubushobozi bwabyo ni buke.

2、Ibyiza byo kugonga itanura rishongesha

1.Kunoza imikorere myiza y'umusaruro

(1) Kugaburira no gusohora amazi byoroshye

Imiterere y'itanura rishongesha rihengamye ituma byoroha kurya no gusohora. Iyo wongeyeho ibikoresho, nta mpamvu yo gukoresha ibikoresho bigoye byo kugaburira. Kurambura gusa umubiri w'itanura ku nguni ikwiye, maze ibikoresho bishobora gusukwa mu itanura. Mu gihe cyo gusohora, kureka umubiri w'itanura bishobora gutuma icyuma gishongesha gisohoka vuba, bigabanyiriza cyane igihe cyo gusohora. Mu buryo bunyuranye, inzira zo kugaburira no gusohora andi matanura ashongesha akenshi ziragoye cyane, zisaba igihe kinini n'abakozi.

(2) Ingaruka nziza zo gukangura

Ifuru ishongesha ishobora kugira ingaruka nziza mu gihe cyo gushonga binyuze mu kugosora umubiri w'itanura. Ubu buryo bwo gushonga burahuye kandi bukora neza kurusha gushonga bisanzwe, bishobora gutuma imiterere y'icyuma irushaho kuba imwe no kunoza ubwiza bw'ishongesha. Hagati aho, ingaruka nziza zishobora no kwihutisha inzira yo gushonga, kugabanya igihe cyo gushonga, bityo bikanoza umusaruro.

2.Kunoza ireme ry'ishonga

(1) Ikwirakwizwa ry'ubushyuhe rimwe

Mu gihe cyo gushongesha, kuzunguruka no gukurura umubiri w’itanura bituma ubushyuhe bukwirakwira mu cyuma gishongeshejwe burushaho kuba bumwe. Ibi bifasha kwirinda gushyuha cyane cyangwa gukonja nabi, bityo bikanoza ubwiza bw’ishongeshwa. Ariko, andi matanura ashongeshwa ashobora kugira imbogamizi mu miterere no mu mikorere, bigatuma bigorana kugera ku bushyuhe bumwe, ibyo bikaba byatera ubuziranenge buhindagurika bwo gushongeshwa.

(2) Gabanya umwanda

Imiterere y'itanura rishongesha rigoramye ituma byoroha gukuraho imyanda mu gihe cyo gushonga. Urugero, mu gihe cyo gushonga, umubiri w'itanura ushobora kugorama ku nguni runaka kugira ngo imyanda ireremba hejuru y'icyuma cyashongeshejwe, hanyuma imyanda ikavanwaho hakoreshejwe uburyo nko gukurura. Mu buryo bunyuranye, andi matanura ashongesha ashobora gusaba inzira zigoye cyane n'ibikoresho mu gukuraho imyanda.

3.Gabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu

(1) Kohereza ubushyuhe neza

Imiterere y'inkuta ishongesha ifite imiterere myiza ni ingirakamaro mu kunoza uburyo bwo kohereza ubushyuhe. Bitewe no kugorama no gukurura umubiri w'itanura, icyuma gishongesha n'urukuta rw'itanura birushaho kuba byuzuye, bigatuma ubushyuhe burushaho kwiyongera. Ibi bivuze ko ingaruka imwe yo gushonga ishobora kugerwaho mu bushyuhe buke, bityo bigagabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu. Ariko, izindi tanura zishongesha zishobora gusaba ubushyuhe bwinshi kugira ngo zirangize uburyo bwo gushonga bitewe n'ubushobozi buke bwo kohereza ubushyuhe, bigatuma ingufu zikoreshwa cyane.

(2) Gabanya ubushyuhe

Mu gihe cyo gusohora umuriro w’itanura rishongesha, kugenzura neza inguni y’umubiri w’itanura bituma icyuma gishongesha gisohoka vuba, bigabanyiriza ubushyuhe mu gihe cyo gusohora umuriro. Ariko, andi matanuru ashongesha ashobora gutakaza ubushyuhe bwinshi mu gihe cyo gusohora umuriro bitewe n’igihe kirekire cyo gusohora umuriro.

4.Kongera umutekano

(1) Imikorere ifite umutekano

Imikorere y'itanura rishongesha rigoramye ni yoroshye, kandi inguni y'umubiri w'itanura ishobora kugenzurwa neza, bigabanye ingaruka mbi ku bakoresha mu gihe cyo kugaburira, gusohora no kuvanga. Mu buryo bunyuranye, andi matanura ashobora gusaba abakoresha gukora ibikorwa bimwe na bimwe biteje akaga, nko kugaburira no gusohora ku bushyuhe bwinshi.

(2) Kugabanya ibyago byo kuba impanuka

Imiterere y'itanura rishongesha rihagaze neza irahamye, kandi impanuka nko gucika kw'itanura no kuva kw'amazi ntibikunze kubaho mu gihe cyo gushongesha. Ariko, izindi itanura rishongesha rishobora guhura n'impanuka mu bihe bimwe na bimwe bitewe n'imiterere yaryo n'uburyo rikoresha, bigatera ingaruka mbi zikomeye ku bakoresha n'ibikoresho.

Muri make, hari itandukaniro rinini hagati y’amatanura ashongesha n’andi matanura ashongesha mu bijyanye n’imiterere y’inyubako, uburyo bwo kuyakoresha, n’uburyo akoreshwa. Amatanura ashongesha, afite imiterere yihariye n’ibyiza bikomeye, yazanye umusaruro mwiza, ireme ryiza ryo kuyashongesha, ikoreshwa ry’ingufu nke, ndetse n’umutekano ukomeye mu nganda zishongesha ibyuma. Hamwe n’iterambere rihoraho ry’ikoranabuhanga n’iterambere rihoraho ry’inganda,itanura rishongesha rigendera ku mashyiganta kabuza bizagira uruhare runini mu bijyanye no gushonga kw'ibyuma.