Amakuru

Gushonga kw'ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa Vacuum Induction
Gucana mu cyuma gishyushya amazi (vacuum induction melting – VIM) byakozwe kugira ngo bitunganywe mu byuma byihariye kandi bidasanzwe, bityo bikaba birimo kugenda birushaho gukoreshwa kuko ibi bikoresho bigezweho birushaho gukoreshwa. VIM yakozwe kugira ngo ishongeshe kandi ikore superalloys hamwe n'ibyuma bikomeye, byinshi muri byo bisaba gutunganya vacuum kuko birimo ibintu birenza kandi bihindura imiterere nka Ti, Nb na Al. Ishobora kandi gukoreshwa mu byuma bitagira umugese n'ibindi byuma iyo hakenewe gushonga kw'umwimerere.

Nkuko izina ribigaragaza, inzira ikoreshwa mu gushonga icyuma mu buryo bw'umwuka. Induction ya electromagnetic ikoreshwa nk'isoko y'ingufu zo gushonga icyuma. Induction ikora mu gutera amashanyarazi ya eddy currents mu cyuma. Inkomoko ni induction coil, ifite umuyoboro usimburana. Eddy currents ishyushya hanyuma igashongesha umuriro.

Itanura rigizwe n'ikoti ry'icyuma rikonjeshwa n'amazi, rishobora kwihanganira isuku ikenewe mu gutunganya. Ibyuma bishongeshwa mu cyuma gitwikiriwe n'amazi gikonjeshwa n'amazi, kandi itanura rikunze gushyirwamo ibintu bitera imbaraga.

Ibyuma n'ibyuma bifite ubufatanye bukomeye n'imyuka - cyane cyane azote na ogisijeni - bikunze gushongeshwa/kunyuzwa mu itanura rikoresha umwuka kugira ngo hirindwe kwanduzwa/guterwa n'iyo myuka. Bityo, ubusanzwe iyi nzira ikoreshwa mu gutunganya ibikoresho bifite isuku nyinshi cyangwa ibikoresho bifite ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira imiterere y'imiti.

Q: Kuki hakoreshwa uburyo bwo gushonga hakoreshejwe vacuum induction?

A: Gushonga mu buryo bwa vacuum byakozwe mbere kugira ngo bitunganywe mu buryo bwihariye kandi budasanzwe, bityo bikaba birimo kugenda birushaho gukoreshwa kuko ibi bikoresho bigezweho bikomeje gukoreshwa. Nubwo byakozwe mu bikoresho nka superalloys, bishobora no gukoreshwa mu byuma bitagira umugese n'ibindi byuma.
Ni gute umuntuitanura rikoresha umwuka ushyushyeakazi?
Ibikoresho bishyirwa mu itanura ry’inyongera hifashishijwe vacuum hanyuma ingufu zigashyirwa mu gushongesha amashanyarazi. Hakorwa andi mafaranga kugira ngo ingano y’icyuma cy’amazi igere ku bushobozi bwo gushongesha bukenewe. Icyuma gishongeshejwe gitunganywa hifashishijwe vacuum hanyuma shimi igahindurwa kugeza igihe shimi ishongesha neza igezweho.
Ni iki kibaho ku byuma biri mu cyuma gishyushye?
By’umwihariko, ibyuma byinshi bikora urwego rwa okiside ku buso ubwo aribwo bwose buhura n’umwuka. Ibi bikora nk'igikingira kugira ngo bitagongana. Mu kirere nta mwuka uba uhari bityo ibyuma ntibiba urwego rwo kurinda.

Ibyiza byo gushonga kwa VIM
Bitewe n'ibicuruzwa n'uburyo ibyuma bikoreshwa, ingano y'ibikoresho bivamo umwuka mu gihe cyo gutunganya ibyuma iri hagati ya 10-1 na 10-4 mbar. Zimwe mu nyungu z'ibikoresho bivamo umwuka ni izi:
Gushonga munsi y'ikirere kidafite ogisijeni bigabanya ikorwa rya okiside idakoresha icyuma kandi bikarinda ogiside y'ibintu bihindura imikorere
Kugera ku bushobozi bwo kwihanganira ibintu bivanze n'ibikubiye muri gaze
Gukuraho ibintu bidakenewe bifite umuvuduko mwinshi w'umwuka
Gukuraho imyuka yashongeshejwe - ogisijeni, hidrojeni, azote
Guhindura imiterere y'aloyi ihuye neza kandi itunganye hamwe n'ubushyuhe bushongeshejwe
Gushonga mu cyuma gifunga ibintu bikuraho gukenera igipfukisho cy’uburinzi bw’uburinzi kandi bigabanya ubushobozi bwo kwanduza uburinzi bw’uburinzi cyangwa ibintu byinjira mu kintu
Kubera iyo mpamvu, ibikorwa by’ibyuma nko gusukura fosforasi no gusukura sulfuri ni bike. VIM metallurgie igamije ahanini ingaruka ziterwa n’umuvuduko, nko gukorana kwa karuboni, ogisijeni, azote na hydrogen. Gukuraho ibintu byangiza kandi bihindagurika, nka antimoni, tellurium, selenium na bismuth, mu itanura rikoresha vacuum induction ni ingenzi cyane.

Gukurikirana neza uburyo karubone irenze urugero ikoreshwa mu gushyushya kugira ngo urangize deoxidation ni urugero rumwe rw'uburyo ibintu bihinduka hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa VIM mu gukora superalloys. Ibikoresho bitari superalloys bikurwaho karubone, bigakurwaho sulfuri cyangwa bigashyirwa mu ziko ry'ibikoresho bivamo umwuka kugira ngo bihuze n'ibipimo kandi bihagararire imiterere y'ibikoresho. Kubera ko hari umwuka mwinshi w'ibintu byinshi bidakenewe, bishobora kugabanuka kugeza ku rugero rwo hasi cyane binyuze mu gushonga mu gihe cyo gushonga mu buryo bwa vacuum, cyane cyane ku byuma bifite imbaraga nyinshi cyane ku bushyuhe bwinshi bwo gukora. Ku byuma bitandukanye bigomba kuzuza ibisabwa byiza cyane, icyuma gitanga umwuka ni cyo gikoresho cyiza cyane cyo gushonga.

Uburyo bukurikira bushobora guhuzwa byoroshye na sisitemu ya VIM kugira ngo hakorwe ibintu bisukuye:
Kugenzura ikirere hamwe n'umuvuduko muto w'amazi n'ibice bivamo
Guhitamo ibikoresho bihamye kandi biramba byo gushyiramo icyuma gikoreshwa mu gutwikira
Gukangura no guhuza umwuka hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi avangavanze cyangwa asukura
Gugenzura neza ubushyuhe kugira ngo ugabanye ingaruka zishobora guterwa n'isuka
Uburyo bukwiye bwo gukuraho no kuyungurura mu gihe cyo gukata
Gukoresha uburyo bukwiye bwo kumesa imyenda no kuyisukura kugira ngo bikureho okiside neza.