Induction y'ifuru ishongesha vuba 6kg 8kg 10kg 15kg 20kg Ifuru ishongesha izahabu ishongesha mu ntoki

1. Intangiriro

Amabuye y'agaciro, nka zahabu, ifeza, platine, na palladium, afite imiterere yihariye y'umubiri n'imiti ituma agira agaciro gakomeye mu nganda zitandukanye, harimo imitako, ikoranabuhanga, n'ubuvuzi bw'amenyo. Uburyo bwo gushongesha ibyuma by'agaciro busaba ibikoresho binonosoye kandi bikora neza kugira ngo bigenzure ireme ry'ibicuruzwa bya nyuma kandi bigabanye igihombo cy'ibikoresho. Mu moko atandukanye y'amatanura ashongesha, itanura rishongesha ibyuma rihinduka nk'amahitamo meza yo gushongesha ibyuma by'agaciro, ritanga inyungu nyinshi zitandukanye ugereranyije n'ubundi buryo gakondo bwo gushongesha ibyuma.

2. Ihame ry'imikorere yo gushushanya amatanura ashongesha induction

2.1 Ihame ryo Gushyushya Induction

Gushyushya induction bishingiye ku ihame rya induction ya electromagnetic. Iyo umuyoboro usimburana (AC) unyuze muri coil (inductor), imbaraga za rukuruzi zihinduka zikorwa zikikije coil. Iyo icyuma gikoresha ingufu zitwara umuriro gishyizwe muri uyu muyoboro wa rukuruzi, imbaraga za electromotive ziterwa (emf) zikorwa muri icyo cyuma. Dukurikije itegeko rya Ohm, iyi emf iterwa ituma umuyoboro uterwa (umuyoboro wa eddy) utembera muri icyo cyuma. Ubudahangarwa bw'icyuma ku rujya n'uruza rw'iyi miyoboro ya eddy butuma habaho ubushyuhe, nk'uko bivugwa na formula Q = I^{2}Rt, aho Q ari ubushyuhe bukorwa, I ni umuyoboro, R ni ubudahangarwa, na t ni igihe. Ubu bushyuhe bukoreshwa mu gushongesha icyuma.

2.2 Uburyo bwo Kuzunguruka

Uburyo itanura rishongesha induction rigorama ni igishushanyo cy’inyongera cya mekanike. Ishusho y’itanura ishyirwaho ku buryo bwo kuyigorama ituma igorama ku mfuruka runaka. Iyi mikorere yo kuyigorama ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo icyuma gishongeshwe gisuke neza. Iyo icyuma gishongeshejwe burundu, itanura rishobora kunama, kandi icyuma gishongeshejwe gishobora gusukwa mu byuma cyangwa mu bindi bikoresho mu buryo bunonosoye, ibi bikaba ari ingenzi cyane cyane mu gushonga kw’ibyuma by’agaciro aho gushonga neza ari ngombwa kugira ngo hirindwe imyanda no kwemeza ubuziranenge bw’ibicuruzwa bishongeshejwe.

3. Ibyiza byo Gushonga Amatanura yo Gushonga mu byuma by'agaciro

3.1 Kurusha Ubuziranenge Gushonga

3.1.1 Kugabanya ubwandu

Mu gushonga ibyuma by'agaciro, kubungabunga ubuziranenge buhanitse ni ingenzi cyane. Uburyo gakondo bwo gushonga, nk'amatanura amwe akoresha lisansi, bushobora kwinjiza imyanda mu byuma bishongeshejwe. Urugero, gutwika ibikomoka kuri peteroli mu matanura akoresha lisansi bishobora kurekura sulfure, oxyde azote, n'uduce duto. Ibi bintu bishobora kugira ingaruka ku byuma by'agaciro mu gihe cyo gushonga, bigatera kuboneka imyanda. Mu buryo bunyuranye, gushonga mu itanura rihindagurika bikoresha induction ya electromagnetic mu gushyushya, bigakuraho gukenera gutwika amasoko y'ubushyuhe. Kubera iyo mpamvu, hari ibyago bike cyane byo kwanduzwa n'ibintu byo hanze, bigatuma ibyuma by'agaciro biguma mu buryo bwiza mu gihe cyo gushonga.

3.1.2 Kugenzura neza ubushyuhe

Ubutare bw'agaciro akenshi bufite aho bushongesha kandi bukenera kugenzura neza ubushyuhe mu gihe cyo gushongesha. Amatanura yo gushongesha akoresha induction ashyirwaho ibikoresho bifite uburyo bwo kugenzura ubushyuhe buhanitse. Ubu buryo bushobora kumva neza ubushyuhe bw'icyuma gishongesha kandi bugahindura ingufu zinjira kuri inductor hakurikijwe uburyo bukwiye. Urugero, platine ifite aho ishongesha zigera kuri 1768 °C. Hamwe n'uburyo buhamye bwo kugenzura ubushyuhe bw'itanura rishongesha rikoresha induction, ubushyuhe bushobora kuguma mu rugero ruto cyane hafi y'aho bushongesha. Ibi ntibituma gusa icyuma gishongesha burundu ahubwo binarinda ubushyuhe bwinshi, bishobora gutera oxidation cyangwa izindi mpinduka za shimi zishobora kugabanya ubuziranenge bw'icyuma cy'agaciro.

3.2 Gukoresha neza ingufu

3.2.1 Ubushyuhe bwo mu bwoko bwa High - Frequency Induction

Ubushyuhe bw'ibikoresho mu itanura rihindagurika busanzwe bukora ku murongo wo hejuru. Ubushyuhe bw'ibikoresho mu buryo bwa frequency nyinshi butuma ingufu z'amashanyarazi zihinduka ingufu z'ubushyuhe. Umuyoboro wa electromagnetic ukorwa n'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi mu buryo bwa frequency nyinshi ushobora kwinjira mu cyuma, bigatuma icyuma gishyuha vuba cyane imbere. Ubu buryo bwo gushyushya imbere bukora neza cyane kurusha uburyo bwo gushyushya hanze, nko gushyushya mu itanura rimwe na rimwe risanzwe. Gushyushya vuba bigabanya igihe gisabwa mu gushongesha ibyuma by'agaciro, ibyo bigatuma bigabanya ingufu rusange zikoreshwa. Urugero, ugereranije n'amatanura amwe akoresha gazi, amatanura akoresha amashanyarazi ashobora kuzigama kugeza kuri 30 - 50% by'ingufu mu gihe cyo gushongesha ibyuma by'agaciro.

3.3.2 Gusuka neza

Imikorere y'itanura irahindagurika igira uruhare runini mu kongera umusaruro. Iyo icyuma cy'agaciro kimaze gushonga, irahindagurika kandi rigenzurwa ry'itanura rituma icyuma gishongeshejwe gisukwa vuba kandi neza mu ibumba. Ibi bigabanya igihe kiri hagati yo gushonga no gushonga, bigabanya ibyago byo gukomera kw'icyuma gishongeshejwe mu itanura no kunoza imikorere rusange y'umusaruro. Byongeye kandi, gusuka neza bishobozwa n'uburyo bwo gushonga byemeza ko icyuma gishongeshejwe cyuzuza ibumba neza, bigabanya gukenera kongera gushonga cyangwa gutunganya nyuma y'ibumba bitewe no gushonga kutuzuye cyangwa kutangana.

3.4 Guhindura imiterere no guhindura ibintu

3.4.1 Uburyo butandukanye bwo gushonga ibyuma by'agaciro

Amatanura yo gushonga akoresha induction melting arashobora gukoreshwa mu gushonga ubwoko butandukanye bw'amabuye y'agaciro, harimo zahabu, ifeza, platine, na palladium. Buri cyuma cy'agaciro gifite aho gishonga hatandukanye, imiterere ya chimique, n'ibisabwa mu gushonga. Uburyo bwo kugenzura imbaraga n'ubushyuhe bw'itanura rishonga rikoresha induction melting bushobora guhindurwa byoroshye kugira ngo buhuze n'ibyo ibyuma by'agaciro bitandukanye bikenewe. Urugero, iyo ushongesha ifeza (aho ishongesha hafi 962 °C), ingufu n'ubushyuhe bishobora guhindurwa uko bikwiye, mu gihe kuri platine (ifite aho ishongesha cyane), itanura rishobora gushyirwaho kugira ngo rikore ku bushyuhe bwinshi n'imbaraga. Ubu buryo bworoshye butuma itanura rishonga rikoresha induction melting rihinduka igisubizo kimwe cyo gushonga ibyuma by'agaciro bitandukanye mu ruganda rumwe rukora.

3.4.2 Ingano zitandukanye zo gushyushya

Izi tanura ziboneka mu bunini butandukanye, ibyo bikaba byemerera gushongesha ingano zitandukanye z'amabuye y'agaciro. Byaba ari ugukora imitako mito isaba gushongesha garama nke z'amabuye y'agaciro cyangwa gukora imitako minini ikora ku biro by'amabuye y'agaciro, hari itanura rikwiye ryo gushongesha rikozwe mu nganda. Amatanura mato akunze gukoreshwa mu mashami y'imitako, aho gukora neza no gukora ibintu bito ari ingenzi. Amatanura manini ashobora gukora ingano nini y'amabuye y'agaciro, agahuza n'ibyo inganda zikora ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga zikenera, ibyo bikaba bisaba ingano nini y'amabuye y'agaciro meza kugira ngo hakorwe ibice byayo.

3.5 Umutekano n'Ubusugire bw'ibidukikije

3.5.1 Imikorere mu mutekano

Amatanura yo gushonga akoresha amashanyarazi akozwe mu buryo butandukanye bwo kwirinda. Sisitemu yo gushyushya ikoresha amashanyarazi ikoresha amashanyarazi ntabwo ikoresha umuriro ufunguye, bigabanya ibyago byo gushya no guturika ugereranije n'amatanura akoresha lisansi. Byongeye kandi, itanura rifite uburinzi burenze urugero bw'ubushyuhe, uburinzi bwo kuva amazi mu kirere, n'ibindi bikoresho by'umutekano. Urugero, niba ubushyuhe bw'itanura burenze urugero rw'umubare ntarengwa, umuriro uzahita uhagarikwa kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika kw'ibikoresho n'ibyago bishobora guteza umutekano. Uburyo bwo gushyushya bufite kandi ingufuri zo kurinda umutekano n'ibikoresho bigabanya umuvuduko kugira ngo igikorwa cyo gushyushya gikorwe neza kandi mu mutekano.

3.5.2 Igabanuka ry'ibyuka bihumanya ikirere

Kubera ko amatanura ashongesha ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa "induction melting" adashingiye ku gutwika ibikomoka kuri peteroli, asohora imyuka mike cyane ugereranije n'amatanura asanzwe ashongesha ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa peteroli. Ntiyasohora imyanda nka dioxyde de sulfur (SO_{2}), oxyde de azote (NO_{x}), na particulate matter. Ibi si ingirakamaro ku bidukikije gusa ahubwo ni no ku buzima bw'abakozi bo mu kigo gishongesha ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa "flavor". Byongeye kandi, gukoresha neza ingufu z'aya matanura bivuze ko hakoreshwa ingufu nke, ibyo bigatuma hagabanuka ubwinshi bwa karubone bujyanye n'uburyo bwo gushongesha ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa peteroli, bigatanga umusanzu mu bikorwa mpuzamahanga mu kurwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere.

4. Inyigo z'imanza n'ibisabwa mu nganda

4.1 Inganda z'imitako

Mu nganda z'imitako, ubwiza n'ubuziranenge bw'amabuye y'agaciro ni ingenzi cyane. Inganda nyinshi z'imitako zigezweho zikoresha amatanura ashongesha zahabu, ifeza na platine. Urugero, ikirango cy'imitako kizwi cyane mu Butaliyani cyatangaje ko nyuma yo guhindura itanura rishongesha zahabu, ubwiza bw'imitako yabo ya zahabu bwarushijeho kuba bwiza cyane. Ubuziranenge bw'imitako yabo butuma zahabu igumana ububengerane n'ibara ryayo igihe kirekire. Umuvuduko wo gushonga vuba no gusuka neza nabyo bituma habaho imiterere y'imitako igoye kandi irambuye, kuko icyuma gishongesha gishobora gusukwa neza mu buryo buhambaye.

4.2 Inganda z'Ikoranabuhanga

Inganda zikora ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga zikenera ibyuma by'agaciro bifite isuku nyinshi kugira ngo bikore ibintu nk'ibihuza, imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi, n'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga. Palladium na platine bikunze gukoreshwa muri ubu buryo bitewe n'ubushobozi bwabyo bwo gutwara amashanyarazi no kurwanya ingese. Inganda zikomeye mu by'ikoranabuhanga mu Buyapani zakoresheje amatanura ashongesha amashanyarazi ashongesha ibyuma by'agaciro. Imikoreshereze myiza y'itanura ryashongesha ibyuma byaryo yagabanyije ikiguzi cyo gukora, mu gihe gushongesha ibyuma byaryo bifite isuku nyinshi byazamuye imikorere n'ubwizerwe bw'ibicuruzwa byaryo by'ikoranabuhanga. Uburyo iryo tanuru rishobora gukorana n'ingano zitandukanye z'amashanyarazi buhura n'ibikenewe mu nganda zikora ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, kuva ku gukora ibishushanyo mbonera bito kugeza ku gukora ibintu byinshi.

5. Umwanzuro

Mu gusoza, amatanura yo gushonga akoresha induction atera ibyiza byinshi mu gushonga ibyuma by'agaciro. Ubushobozi bwabyo bwo gushonga bufite isuku cyane, ingufu zikoreshwa neza, umuvuduko wo gushonga vuba, ubworoherane, n'imikorere y'umutekano bituma biba amahitamo meza ku nganda zikora ku byuma by'agaciro. Uko icyifuzo cy'ibicuruzwa by'agaciro bifite ireme rihanitse gikomeza kwiyongera mu nganda zitandukanye nko mu mitako, ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, n'ubuvuzi bw'amenyo, byitezwe ko ikoreshwa ry'amatanura yo gushonga akoresha induction rikomeza gukwirakwira. Ubushakashatsi n'iterambere muri uru rwego bishobora gutuma habaho imiterere ihanitse kandi ikora neza yo gushonga ibyuma by'agaciro, bikarushaho kunoza imikorere n'ubwiza bw'uburyo bwo gushonga ibyuma by'agaciro.