Amakuru

Mu rwego rwo gutunganya ibyuma by'agaciro, imikorere myiza yo gucukura ifitanye isano itaziguye n'ikiguzi cyo gukora, ibihe byo gutanga ibicuruzwa, ndetse n'ihangana ry'amasoko ry'ibigo. Nk'imwe mu bikoresho by'ingenzi, ikoreshwa ryiza kandi rinoze ry'imashini ishongesha bishobora kuzana intambwe nziza mu gikorwa cyose cyo gucukura. Ibi bikurikira bizasobanura intambwe zifatika n'ingingo z'ingenzi zo kunoza imikorere myiza yo gucukura ibyuma by'agaciro binyuze muimashini ishongesha.

1.Guhitamo ibikoresho no kubitegura mbere

(1) Guhitamo neza:Hitamo imashini ishongesha ikwiye hashingiwe ku gipimo cy’umusaruro, ubwoko n’uburemere bw’ibyuma by’agaciro bikunze gutunganywa. Mu ntangiriro z’amaduka mato, niba gutunganya imitako ya zahabu ari byo byibandwaho cyane kandi ubushobozi bwo kuyitunganya butari bunini, imashini nto ishongesha zahabu ifite imbaraga za 1-3kW ishobora gutoranywa. Ishyuha vuba, ikoresha ingufu nke, kandi ishobora kugenzura neza ishonga rya zahabu nto; Inganda nini z’imitako, zihanganye n’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro menshi nka platine na palladium, zigomba gukoresha imashini zishongesha zifite imbaraga zirenga 5kW cyangwa zirenzeho kugira ngo zirebe ko ibikoresho fatizo bifite ubushobozi bunini bishobora gushonga vuba kandi neza bitewe n’ubushyuhe, birinda igihe kirekire cyo gushonga kubera imbaraga zidahagije.

(2)Imiterere y'urubuga:Shyiraho ahantu higenga, hafite umwuka mwiza kandi humutse ho gushongesha imashini ishongesha, kure y’ibikoresho bishobora gushya cyangwa guturika. Ku ruhande rumwe, guhumeka neza bishobora gusohora ku gihe imyuka mibi mike iva mu gihe cyo gushongesha ibyuma by’agaciro, bigatuma ababikora bagira ubuzima bwiza; Ku rundi ruhande, ahantu humutse hashobora kubuza ibice by’amashanyarazi guhumeka no kudakora neza, bigatuma ibikoresho bikomeza gukora neza, kandi bikagabanya igihe cyo kudakora neza giterwa n’ikosa. Muri icyo gihe, teganya ahantu hagenewe ibikoresho n’ibikoresho kugira ngo urebe ko mashini ishongesha imashini ishongesha ikora neza, nko gushyira ibikoresho mu buryo bworoshye, ibumba, nibindi kugira ngo bikoreshwe mu buryo bworoshye kandi bizigamire igihe cyo kubikuramo.

2.Kunoza imikorere y'ibikorwa

(1) Gutunganya ibikoresho fatizo mbere yo kubitunganya:Mbere yo gushyirwa mu mashini ishongesha, sukura neza ibikoresho by'agaciro by'icyuma kugira ngo ukureho ibizinga by'amavuta, imyanda, okiside, nibindi. Urugero, hanagura agace ka zahabu ukoresheje isukura ryoroheje ry'icyuma, hanyuma woge n'amazi meza hanyuma wumishe. Ibi ntibirinda gusa ko imyanda yinjira mu gushonga no kugira ingaruka ku buziranenge bwabyo, ahubwo binatuma inzira yo gushonga yihuta kuko ibyuma by'umwimerere bifite ubushobozi bwo gutwara ubushyuhe bwiza kandi bigatwara ubushyuhe neza, bigatuma inzira yo gushonga irangira iminota mike mbere y'uko ishongesha. Ku bikoresho by'ibanze, niba ingano ari nini, gusya cyangwa gukata neza mo uduce duto bishobora kongera ubuso buhura n'ubushyuhe, kandi bikaba ingirakamaro mu kwihutisha gushonga.

(2) Kugenzura ubushyuhe neza:Shyira ubushyuhe bw'imashini ishongesha neza ukurikije aho ibyuma by'agaciro bishongesha. Niba aho ifeza ishongesha ari 961.78 ℃, ubushyuhe bugomba kugenzurwa neza hagati ya 960-970 ℃ mu gihe cyo gushyushya, ibyo bikaba bitabuza ifeza guhumeka no kwangiza ibikoresho fatizo bitewe no gushyuha cyane, ahubwo binatuma ishobora gushonga vuba ikaba amazi amwe. Imashini zigezweho zigezweho zishongesha akenshi zifite uburyo bw'ubwenge bwo kugenzura ubushyuhe bukoresha ibyuma bipima ubushyuhe kugira ngo bigenzure ubushyuhe mu gihe nyacyo no guhindura imbaraga z'ubushyuhe binyuze mu gusubiza ibibazo; Umukoresha agomba kuba azi neza imikorere y'ibikoresho byo kugenzura ubushyuhe, kandi agahindura ibipimo bishingiye ku bunararibonye kugira ngo icyuma gishongesha kibe gishyushye neza mu gihe cyose cy'igikorwa, bigabanye igihe kidashoboka cyo gushonga kenshi bitewe n'ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe.

(3) Gukurikirana inzira yo gushonga:Mu gihe cyo gushonga, reba neza imiterere y'icyuma cyashongeshejwe hanyuma urebe niba hari ibintu bikomeye cyangwa uduheri bitashongeshejwe unyuze mu idirishya ry'imashini ishongesha. Iyo habonetse ibintu bidasanzwe, nko gushyuha cyane mu gace runaka bigatuma igishishwa gikomeye kibuza gushonga, gushyuha bigomba guhita bihagarara, hanyuma gushonga bigakorwa n'intoki cyangwa uburyo bwo gushyushya bugahindurwa; Niba hari uduheri, menya niba ibikoresho fatizo ari bibi cyangwa niba hari utunyangingo duto mu cyuma gishongesha umwuka, hanyuma ubikemure neza kugira ngo wirinde kongera gukoreshwa bitewe n'ibicuruzwa bifite ibibazo bifite imyobo y'umwuka mu gihe cyo gushonga, urebe neza ko gushonga rimwe gusa bizagira ingaruka nziza kandi binoze imikorere muri rusange.

3.Ubugenzuzi n'imikoranire y'abakozi

(1) Gusana buri munsi:Nyuma ya buri ikoreshwa, tegereza ko imashini ishongesha ikonja, usukure icyuma gisigaye imbere no hanze yacyo, kandi ukoreshe uburoso bworoshye bwo gusukura ivumbi riri ku mubiri w'imashini, cyane cyane ku myanya y'ubuhumekero n'aho amashanyarazi ahurira, kugira ngo wirinde ko ivumbi ryiyongera rigira ingaruka ku gushonga no ku miyoboro y'amashanyarazi. Suzuma buri gihe ibice by'ingenzi nk'ibikoresho bishyushya, sisitemu zo kugenzura ubushyuhe, n'ibice byo gutwara, usimbuze ibice bishobora kwangirika nk'insinga zishyushya na thermocouples ukurikije ibisabwa n'intoki z'ibikoresho, urebe neza ko ibikoresho biri mu buryo bwiza bwo gukora igihe cyose, kandi wirinde gucika intege no kuzimya mu gihe cyo gukora kugira ngo bikomeze kubungabungwa.

(2)Amahugurwa y'abakozi n'imikoranire:Guha abakozi bakoresha imashini ishongesha kugira ngo barusheho gusobanukirwa amahame y’ibikoresho, aho imikorere ibera, n’amabwiriza y’umutekano. Abakozi b’abahanga bashobora guhanura ibibazo byo gushongesha no guhindura ibipimo hakurikijwe ubunararibonye, ​​mu gihe abatangira bashobora guhura n’ibintu bitandukanye bigabanya iterambere bitewe n’imikorere idahwitse. Muri icyo gihe, abakozi muri buri cyiciro cyo gushongesha bakorana neza. Nyuma yo gushongesha zahabu, gutegura ibumba, gusuka n’ibindi bikorwa bihuzwa neza, bigabanyiriza igihe kuva ku byuma by’agaciro by’amazi kugeza ku bishongesha byakozwe kandi bigakoresha neza inyungu yihuse y’imashini ishongesha kugira ngo igere ku musaruro mwiza.

4.Kuvugurura ikoranabuhanga n'imikorere mishya

(1) Guhindura imikorere y'ikoranabuhanga:Gushyiraho uburyo bwo kugenzura imikorere y’icyuma kugira ngo habeho isano hagati y’imashini ishongesha n’uburyo bwo gusuka bukurikiraho. Urugero, iyo icyuma gishongeshejwe kigeze ku rugero n’imiterere byagenwe, igikoresho cyo gufungura no gusukamo ifuro gihita gitangira gusuka neza kandi mu buryo bw’ingano, bikagabanya igihe n’ubushyuhe byo kohereza icyuma gishongeshejwe n’intoki, bikagabanya amakosa y’abantu, bikanoza imiterere y’ibicuruzwa, bigatuma inzira yo gusuka iba nto kandi ijyanye n’igihe, kandi bikongera imikorere myiza cyane.

(2) Gukoresha ibikoresho bishya:Gukoresha ibikoresho bishya birwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi, bitwara umuriro, kandi birwanya ingese, nka graphite composite crucible, mu gushongesha ibyuma bya platine. Ugereranyije n'ibikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa mu gushongesha, bifite ubushobozi bwo gutwara ubushyuhe bwihuse, bishyushya vuba, biramba igihe kirekire, kandi bigabanya gusimbuza no gufunga kenshi ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu gushongesha. Bishobora kandi kugabanya gutakaza ibyuma by'agaciro ku rukuta rukoreshwa mu gushongesha, bikongera cyane imikorere yo gushongesha zahabu no kuyicukura nyuma yayo mu buryo butandukanye.

Binyuze mu ngamba zirambuye nko guhitamo ibikoresho, kunoza imikorere, kubungabunga, no guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga, ibigo bicukura ibyuma by'agaciro byitezweho kunoza cyane umusaruro, kugaragara mu ipiganwa rikomeye ku isoko, no kugabanya ikiguzi, kunoza imikorere, no guteza imbere ireme binyuze mu gushakisha ubushobozi bw'ibikoresho.imashini ishongesha.