Amakuru

Mu nganda z'ibyuma by'agaciro, intambwe yose kuva ku gutunganya kugeza ku gutunganya ibikoresho ifite ibisabwa byinshi cyane kugira ngo ibikoresho bikore neza, bikore neza kandi byizerwa. Mu myaka ya vuba aha,ibyuma bigabanya ubushyuheByagaragaye nk'icyamamare kizamuka buhoro buhoro kandi buhoro buhoro biba ibikoresho bikunzwe cyane mu nganda. Hari impamvu nyinshi zikomeye zibitera, zirimo imiterere myinshi nk'imiterere y'amabuye y'agaciro, ibisabwa mu gutunganya, ndetse n'imikorere myiza y'ibikoresho ubwabyo.

1. Guhindura imiterere y'icyuma cy'agaciro kugira ngo gihuzwe n'ibidukikije bidafite umwuka

Amabuye y'agaciro nka zahabu, ifeza, platine, n'ibindi afite agaciro kanini cyane mu bukungu ndetse n'imiterere ihamye ya shimi. Ariko, haracyari ibyago byo kwangirika no guhumeka mu bidukikije bisanzwe nko mu bihe by'ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ikirere. Imashini igabanya ubushyuhe ishobora gukora ahantu hameze nk'aho hadakoreshejwe umwuka, ikagabanya neza ogisijeni n'indi myuka mibi. Dufashe urugero rwa zahabu, mu buryo busanzwe bwo gusya, ubushyuhe bwinshi butuma ubuso bw'uduce twa zahabu bukorana na ogisijeni, bigatuma habaho urwego rworoshye cyane rwa okiside.

Nubwo ibi bishobora gusa nkaho bigira ingaruka nto ku isuku ya zahabu, mu nganda nini zikora ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga n'imitako bisaba isuku ikomeye cyane, inenge z'ubwiza ziterwa n'iyi ogisijeni ntizemerwa. Imiterere y'umwuka uri mu cyuma gipima ogisijeni igabanya umwuka wa ogisijeni ku rugero rwo hasi cyane, birinda cyane ogisijeni y'amabuye y'agaciro mu gihe cyo kuyigabanya, bikerekana ko ibicuruzwa bifite isuku nyinshi, kandi bikubahiriza amahame akomeye y'inganda ku bwiza bw'ibicuruzwa by'amabuye y'agaciro.

2. Kugenzura neza inzira yo guteranya ingano y'ibinure

Inganda z'ibyuma by'agaciro zifite ibisabwa bikomeye kandi bisobanutse neza ku bunini bw'uduce, imiterere, n'ubucucike bw'ibicuruzwa. Igikoresho cyo gupima ibintu mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga, gifashijwe na sisitemu igezweho yo kugenzura imikorere y'ibikoresho, gishobora kugenzura neza ibipimo bitandukanye mu gihe cyo gupima ibintu. Mu kugenzura ibintu by'ingenzi nko gutembera kw'ibikoresho, ubushyuhe, n'umuvuduko, kugenzura neza ingano y'uduce bishobora kugerwaho. Mu gukora uduce tw'ibyuma by'agaciro bya paste z'ikoranabuhanga, bisaba ko ingano y'uduce ikwirakwizwa mu rugero ruto cyane kugira ngo hamenyekane ko paste ingana kandi ihamye mu gihe cyo gucapa, gutwika, n'izindi nzira.

 Igikoresho cyo gukurura ibintu mu buryo bw'umwuka gishobora gukora uduce duto dufite ubusumbane buke bw'uduce duto binyuze mu gushyiraho ibipimo nyabyo no gukora neza, byujuje ibisabwa n'inganda z'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga ku bikoresho by'agaciro. Muri icyo gihe, binyuze mu guhindura ibipimo by'ibumba n'uburyo bwo gutunganya uduce duto, imiterere y'uduce ishobora guhinduka mu buryo bworoshye, kuva ku mpande kugeza ku nkingi, n'izindi shusho, kugira ngo huzuzwe ibisabwa n'imiterere itandukanye y'uduce tw'icyuma cy'agaciro.

3. Kugaragaza ibyiza byo gukoresha neza no kubungabunga ingufu

Kugenzura ikiguzi ni ingenzi mu ikorwa ry'ibyuma by'agaciro. Imiterere ya icyuma gikoresha amashanyarazi isuzuma neza ikoreshwa ry'ingufu. Ahantu hakoreshwa amashanyarazi hagabanya ubushyuhe bukabije bw'ibikoresho, bigatuma ubushyuhe bukenewe mu ikorwa ry'amashanyarazi bugabanuka, bityo bigabanyiriza ingufu. Ugereranyije n'ibikoresho bisanzwe bikoresha amashanyarazi, ibyuma bikoresha amashanyarazi bishobora kugabanya ingufu zikoreshwa ku kigero cya 30% kugeza kuri 50% iyo bitanga uduce tw'icyuma cy'agaciro dufite ubuziranenge n'ingano imwe.

Mu musaruro munini, kuzigama ikiguzi cy'ingufu zakusanyijwe mu gihe kirekire birakomeye. Byongeye kandi, uburyo buhoraho bwo gukora icyuma gipima amashanyarazi bwazamuye umusaruro. Ibikoresho bishobora gukora buri gihe ahantu hadahinduka, bigahindura ibikoresho by'agaciro by'icyuma mo ibintu byiza cyane, bikagabanya igihe cyo gukora no gukosora amakosa mu gihe cyo gukora, bikanoza umusaruro kuri buri gipimo, kandi bikagabanya ikiguzi cyo gukora kuri buri gipimo.

4. Imikorere myiza mu kubungabunga ibidukikije no mu mutekano

Ibibazo byo kurengera ibidukikije n'umutekano ntibishobora kwirengagizwa mu ikorwa ry'ibyuma by'agaciro. Ahantu hapfundikiye ivumbi ry'icyuma gipfundikiye ivumbi ryirinda kuzura kw'umukungugu w'icyuma cy'agaciro. Mu buryo busanzwe bwo gupfundika ivumbi, ivumbi ntiritera gusa gusesagura ibyuma by'agaciro, ahubwo rinabangamira ibidukikije n'ubuzima bw'ababikora. Igipfundikizo gipfundikira inzira yose yo gupfundika ivumbi mu buryo bwo gupfundika ivumbi, bikuraho amahirwe yo gusohoka kw'umukungugu no kugera ku musaruro mwiza.

Muri icyo gihe, bitewe no kugabanuka kw'ibyago bishobora guterwa n'ubushyuhe bwinshi, ogisijeni n'ibindi bikorwa bya shimi, umutekano wa icyuma gishyushya amazi mu gihe cyo gukora urarushaho kwiyongera. Mu gihe cyo gukorana na isotope zimwe na zimwe z'icyuma gifite imirasire cyangwa uburozi, ibidukikije bifunze bya icyuma gishyushya amazi bishobora gutuma ababikora n'ibidukikije bikikije umutekano wabo, bikarinda ko ibintu bifite imirasire cyangwa uburozi bisohoka kandi bigakwirakwira.

5. Hindura ibikenewe mu musaruro bitandukanye

Inganda z'ibyuma by'agaciro zifite uburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha, kuva ku mitako yo mu rwego rwo hejuru kugeza ku bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bigezweho, kuva ku bikoresho by'ubuvuzi bigezweho kugeza ku bikoresho by'ingenzi mu nganda z'indege. Inzego zitandukanye zifite ibyo zikeneye bitandukanye ku mikorere n'ibipimo by'uduce tw'icyuma cy'agaciro. Imashini ikoresha icyuma gishyushya, ifite ubushobozi bwo guhindura uburyo bwo gukora, ishobora kwihutisha guhuza n'ibi bisabwa mu gukora ibintu bitandukanye. Mu guhindura formula y'ibikoresho, guhindura ibipimo by'imikorere, no gusimbuza imashini zitandukanye zikoresha icyuma gishyushya, imashini zikoresha icyuma gishyushya zishobora gukora ibintu by'uduce tw'icyuma by'agaciro bikwiriye gukoreshwa mu bihe bitandukanye.

Mu nganda z'imitako, ni ngombwa gukora uduce tw'icyuma cy'agaciro gifite uburebure bworoshye n'amabara amwe yo gushyiramo; Mu rwego rwo gupfunyika hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga, uduce tw'icyuma cy'agaciro dufite ingano yihariye y'uduce kandi dushobora gutembera neza birakenewe kugira ngo harebwe ko ubuziranenge bwabyo ari bwiza. Imashini ikoresha icyuma gishyushya irashobora guhaza ibyo bibazo bitandukanye byoroshye, igatanga inkunga ikomeye ya tekiniki mu iterambere ry'inganda z'icyuma cy'agaciro.

Muri make,ibyuma bigabanya ubushyuheByabaye ibikoresho bikundwa cyane mu nganda z'ibyuma by'agaciro bitewe nuko bihuza neza n'imiterere y'ibyuma by'agaciro, ubushobozi bwo kugenzura neza ingano y'ibice, ibyiza byo gukora neza no kuzigama ingufu, imikorere myiza mu bidukikije no mu mutekano, no guhuza neza n'ibikenewe mu musaruro bitandukanye. Hamwe n'iterambere rihoraho ry'ikoranabuhanga no gukomeza kunoza ibikenewe mu nganda, amahirwe yo gukoresha ibyuma bivamo ibikoresho mu nganda z'ibyuma by'agaciro azarushaho kuba manini, bigire uruhare runini mu guteza imbere iterambere ry'inganda z'ibyuma by'agaciro.