Ibisubizo

INGANO Y'INZU

URUPAPURO RW'IBIMENYETSO BY'UBUMENYI

Guhuza insinga ni iki?

Guhuza insinga ni uburyo insinga nto z’icyuma cyoroshye zifite uburebure buto zifatanye ku buso bw’icyuma buhuye nta gukoresha solder, flux, kandi rimwe na rimwe hakoreshejwe ubushyuhe buri hejuru ya dogere selisiyusi 150. Ibyuma byoroshye birimo Zahabu (Au), Umuringa (Cu), Feza (Ag), Aluminium (Al) n’ibindi nk’ibinyabutabire bya Palladium-Silver (PdAg) n’ibindi.

Gusobanukirwa uburyo bwo guhuza insinga n'uburyo bwo kuzihuza hakoreshejwe porogaramu zo guteranya ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bito.
Uburyo bwo guhuza imigozi/uburyo bwo kuyihuza: Riboni, Umupira wa Thermosonic na Ultrasonic Wedge Bond
Guhuza insinga ni uburyo bwo gukora imiyoboro hagati y’icyuma gihuza insinga (IC) cyangwa igikoresho gisa nacyo cya semiconductor hamwe n’ipaki cyangwa umurongo wacyo mu gihe cyo gukora. Ubu ikoreshwa kandi cyane muri iki gihe mu gutanga imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi mu matsinda ya bateri ya Lithium-ion. Guhuza insinga muri rusange bifatwa nk'ikoranabuhanga rihendutse kandi ryoroshye kurusha ayandi yose aboneka mu ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo guhuza insinga, kandi bikoreshwa mu mapaki menshi ya semiconductor akorwa muri iki gihe. Hari uburyo butandukanye bwo guhuza insinga, bugizwe na: Guhuza insinga hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi:
Uburyo bwo guhuza insinga za thermo-compression (buhujwe n'ubuso bushobora kuba (ubusanzwe Au) hamwe hakoreshejwe imbaraga zo guhuza hamwe n'ubushyuhe bwinshi, ubusanzwe burenze 300°C, kugira ngo bukore umusemburo), bwatangiye gukorwa mu myaka ya 1950 ku bijyanye n'uburyo bwo guhuza insinga za microelectronics, ariko ibi byasimbuwe vuba na Ultrasonic & Thermosonic bonding mu myaka ya za 60 nk'ikoranabuhanga rikomeye ryo guhuza insinga. Uburyo bwo guhuza insinga za thermo-compression buracyakoreshwa muri gahunda zihariye muri iki gihe, ariko muri rusange abakora insinga birindwa bitewe n'ubushyuhe bwinshi (bukunze kwangiza) bukenewe kugira ngo bakore umusemburo mwiza. Uburyo bwo guhuza insinga za ultrasonic Wedge:
Mu myaka ya 1960, uburyo bwo guhuza insinga za Ultrasonic wedge bwabaye uburyo bukoreshwa cyane mu guhuza insinga. Gukoresha uburyo bwo guhuza insinga bukoresha frequency nyinshi (binyuze kuri transducer ihindura ijwi) ku gikoresho cyo guhuza hakoreshejwe imbaraga zo gufunga icyarimwe, byatumye insinga za Aluminium na Zahabu zihuzwa ku bushyuhe bw'icyumba. Ubu buryo bwo guhuza insinga bwa Ultrasonic bufasha mu gukuraho imyanda (okiside, imyanda, nibindi) ku buso bwo guhuza mu ntangiriro y'urugendo rwo guhuza insinga, no mu guteza imbere gukura hagati y'ibyuma kugira ngo bikomeze gutera imbere no gukomeza ubucuti. Imiterere isanzwe yo guhuza insinga ni 60 - 120 KHz. Ubuhanga bwo guhuza insinga bwa Ultrasonic bufite ikoranabuhanga ribiri ry'ingenzi mu gutunganya insinga: Insinga nini (ziremereye) ku nsinga z'umurambararo wa >100µm. Insinga nziza (nto) ku nsinga z'umurambararo wa <75µm. Ingero z'imizunguko isanzwe yo guhuza insinga za Ultrasonic ziboneka hano ku nsinga nto na hano ku nsinga nini. Insinga za Ultrasonic wedge zikoresha igikoresho cyihariye cyo guhuza cyangwa "wedge," ubusanzwe zubakwa muri Tungsten Carbide (ku nsinga za Aluminium) cyangwa Titanium Carbide (ku nsinga za Zahabu) bitewe n'ibikenewe mu buryo n'umurambararo w'insinga; Hari kandi uduce tw’ibumba dufite impande zombi two gukoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye. Guhuza insinga za Thermosonic:
Aho hakenewe ubushyuhe bw'inyongera (ubusanzwe ku nsinga za zahabu, zifite aho zihurira n'ubushyuhe buri hagati ya 100 na 250°C), uburyo bwitwa Thermosonic wire bonding. Ibi bifite inyungu nyinshi ugereranyije na sisitemu isanzwe ya thermo-compression, kuko ubushyuhe bwinshi bwo hagati bukenewe (Au bonding ku bushyuhe bw'icyumba bwavuzwe ariko mu by'ukuri ntabwo byizewe nta bushyuhe bwiyongereyeho). Guhuza umupira wa Thermosonic:
Ubundi buryo bwo guhuza insinga za Thermosonic ni Ball Bonding (reba uruziga rw'ihuza ry'umupira hano). Ubu buryo bukoresha igikoresho cyo guhuza capillary cya ceramic hejuru y'igishushanyo mbonera cya wedge gisanzwe kugira ngo gihuze imiterere myiza mu guhuza thermo-compression na ultrasonic nta mbogamizi. Guhindagurika kwa Thermosonic bituma ubushyuhe bw'aho uhurira buguma buri hasi, mu gihe guhuza kwa mbere, umupira uhuza thermal-compressed bemerera insinga n'ihuza ry'insinga zo mu rwego rwo hejuru gushyirwa mu cyerekezo icyo ari cyo cyose, bitajyanye n'ihuza rya mbere, ibi bikaba ari imbogamizi mu guhuza insinga za Ultrasonic. Ku gukora ibyuma byikora kandi bifite ingano nyinshi, ibyuma bihuza umupira byihuta cyane kurusha ibyuma bihuza Ultrasonic / Thermosonic (Wedge), bigatuma umupira uhuza umupira wa Thermosonic uba ikoranabuhanga rikomeye mu ikoranabuhanga rigezweho mu myaka 50+ ishize. Guhuza Ribbon:
Guhuza urushinge rw'amabara, hakoreshejwe kaseti z'icyuma zigororotse, bimaze imyaka myinshi byiganje muri RF na Microwave electronics (urushinge rutanga iterambere rikomeye mu gutakaza ikimenyetso [ingaruka z'uruhu] ugereranyije n'insinga zisanzwe zizengurutse). Udushinge duto twa zahabu, ubusanzwe dufite ubugari bwa metero 75 n'ubugari bwa metero 25 n'igice, duhuzwa binyuze mu buryo bwa Thermosonic hamwe n'igikoresho kinini gihuza urushinge rw'amabara. Udushinge twa aluminiyumu dufite ubugari bwa metero 2.000 n'ubugari bwa metero 250 n'ubugari bushobora kandi guhuzwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa Ultrasonic, kuko ibisabwa kugira ngo habeho imikoranire yo hasi, ifite ubucucike bwinshi byariyongereye.

Insinga zo guhuza zahabu ni iki?

Guhuza insinga za zahabu ni inzira insinga za zahabu zifatanywa ku ngingo ebyiri mu nteko kugira ngo habeho uburyo bwo guhuza cyangwa inzira iyobora amashanyarazi. Ubushyuhe, ultrasound, n'imbaraga byose bikoreshwa mu gukora ingingo zo guhuza insinga za zahabu. Inzira yo gukora aho nteko ifatanywa itangirana no gukora umupira wa zahabu ku mpera y'igikoresho cyo guhuza insinga, capillary. Uyu mupira ukandagirwa ku buso bushyushye bwo guteranya mu gihe ukoresha imbaraga zihariye ndetse n'umuvuduko wa 60kHz - 152kHz wo kugenda kwa ultrasound hamwe n'igikoresho. Iyo nteko ya mbere imaze gukorwa, insinga izakorwa mu buryo bugenzurwa neza kugira ngo ikore imiterere ikwiye y'imiterere y'inteko. Inteko ya kabiri, akenshi yitwa stitch, ikorwa ku rundi ruhande binyuze mu gukanda hasi n'insinga no gukoresha clamp kugira ngo icishe insinga ku nteko.

Guhuza insinga za zahabu bitanga uburyo bwo guhuza mu mapaki akoresha amashanyarazi menshi, hafi ya yose aruta ibyuma bimwe na bimwe bishongesha. Byongeye kandi, insinga za zahabu zifite ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ogisijeni nyinshi ugereranije n'ibindi bikoresho by'insinga kandi zoroshye kurusha izindi, ibyo bikaba ari ingenzi ku buso bworoshye.
Uburyo bushobora kandi gutandukana bitewe n'ibyo ihuriro rikeneye. Hamwe n'ibikoresho byoroheje, umupira wa zahabu ushobora gushyirwa ku gice cya kabiri cyo guhuza kugira ngo habeho isano ikomeye n'isano "yoroshye" kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika ku buso bw'igice. Hamwe n'ahantu hato, umupira umwe ushobora gukoreshwa nk'aho ari ho ho gutangirira imikoranire ibiri, bigakora isano ifite ishusho ya "V". Iyo ihuriro ry'insinga rikeneye gukomera kurushaho, umupira ushobora gushyirwa hejuru y'umushongi kugira ngo habeho isano y'umutekano, byongera ubudahangarwa n'imbaraga by'insinga. Imikoreshereze myinshi itandukanye n'impinduka mu guhuza insinga ni hafi ntarengwa kandi bishobora kugerwaho binyuze mu gukoresha porogaramu yikora kuri sisitemu za Palomar zo guhuza insinga.